Calculating-machine especially devised for geodetic measurements.



I. BALTISSER. CALCULATING MACHINE ESPECIALLY DEVISED FOR GEODETIC MEASUREMENTS. APPLICATION FILED FEB- I6,l9|1- I 1,221,653. la tentud Apr. 3,1917.

2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

Cis-

' calculators by means ;change of apparatus.

0 have one i the constant factors 5111 .of the :one group UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JACOB BALTISSER, OF BASEL, SWITZEEL AND.

CALCULATING-MACHINE ESPECIALLY DEVISED FOR GEODETIC MEASUREMENTS.

Application filed February 18, 1.917.

To all whom it may concern:

lie it known that I, Jason B'ALTISSER, a citizen of the Swiss Republic, and resident of Basel, Switzerland, land-surveyor, have invented new and useful Improvements in Calculating- Machines Especially Devised for Geodetic Measurements, of which the following is a full. clear, and exact specification.

The calcu ation of the limitpoiht-co6rdinates in surveyingis based upon the formulae If this calculation be made with the aid of the calculating machine then the sin a and the cos a must always be adjusted in alternating series, one time for X, the'other time for Y. A further drawback is d lso that Y and X must be worked out separately; Only the Duplex calculating machine :(a machine with two result mechanisms permits of calculating botln-Y and X at the same time; thismachine requires, however, the adjusting of the sin a and the cos a in alternating series.

The regular change of the-adjustments of d and cos d requires an increased attentioIn-and 'itcmust be regarded as a great relief that the key calculating machines (Millionaire) permit this common factors being efiected automatically by means of a special additional In contrast, however, to the Duplex calculating machines these key 1 achihes have the drawback that they only single result mechanism and therefore onecaninbt obtain the values Y and X concurrently The present invention has' for its object to unite in a single machine the advantages of the Duplex calculating machine and of the above mentioned key machines. This is attained by the arrangement that two resultcalculators in two separate groups of adjustable driving disks or members the adjust ment whereof is transmitted to the resultof one and the same handle are so arranged adjustable with regard to nata -another that they can alternately belcfianged from the operating range of driving disks to the operqtiie range of be other group of driv- Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 3, 1917.

Serial No. 14 3,056.

ing disks. By this construction the possi' bihty is attained after the adjusting of two constant factors in the two groups of driving disks, of engaging the same alternately with the one or with the other result-calcie lator by simply interchanging the relative position of the two result-calculators ith regard to the gOups of the driving disks. The invention will now be described. with reference to the drawing, as applied to an Odhner machine (German Patent No. (34925), in whicl the driving disks as is well known consist of rotatable adjustable disks provided with finger hooks and with curved slots for the opt ration of transmitting teeth inserted radiall in rotating members which then on their turning act upon the toothed calculating wheels of the result-calculators. Figure 1 shows a front view of the machine with the casing. partly removed and partly sectioned.

Fig. 2 shows a cross section of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 shows a motion diagram;

Fig. 4 shows a detail.

The machine as shown in possesses two angularly displaced calculators a, I) with mechanisms {7, h and two groups 2, k of adjustable driving disks (Z for the determination of two constant faiit-ors (Fig. 1), for example the \alues 1) and q of the above equation. The result-calculators a, b are 5 adjustable both with regard to one another and with regard to the groups of the ad justing'or driving disks. As shown in Fig. 1 the result-ca lculator (I. under the control of the driving disk group i from which assuming that the constant factor l) only possesses'four places of ligur's there will he only cfl'ecti-ve ".he four*'ad-jus ing disks which lie to the 1'ig lt, whereas the four adjusting or driving di;ks of the same group which lie to the left. that is those within the space 0 will permanently run idle or be adjusted to Zero and thereby act as separators between the groups 01 driving disk s; the result-calculator b on t ie other hand is under the control of the group f driving disks in of which likewise onlv the four disks which lie to the. right serve for the ad'ustment of the factor assumed to he of four places of figures.

The two groups of adjusting disks are ar- Figs. 1 and 2 result- 7"..ige(l with their transmitting teeth revolving members upon two separate axles, which,

however, can be turned by means of suitable switching gears (hereinafter described) by means of the same actuating handle I. The positions of the result-calculators a, b in their final placesare insured by means of the springs f, f which engage in notches 2, 2 or z, 2; upon the rails j connected with the counting mechanisms 9, h. For the movement of the result-calculator a to the left the spri g f is removed from the notch z, and at the end of its motion it springs back into the notch 2; on the displacing .of the result-culculator b to the rig-ht, the spring f is released from the notch 25 and finally allowed to engage in the notch 2 The releasing of the springs f, f therefore takes place only upon the change over the result-calculators (l and l).

The counting mechanisms (1, h are arranged at the same height as the corresponding result-calculators a, b and stand in the well known manner under the control of a. catch or single tooth c which is fixed upon a whee which is once rotatpdat each rotation of the actuating handle I and, consequently moves on the adjusted wheel of the counting mechanisms by one tooth or one numeral. The counting mechanism It is shown in Fig. l displaced two places to the right; the hundreds counting disk is brought into working position with regard to the catch 0; likewise the result-calculator I) connected with the counting mechanism It engages over the space a. but is not hereby influenced. The counting mechanism 9 occupies the normal position.

As the two transmitting or driving disk groups i, is must be movable independently of one another for addition or subtraction, that is forward or-backward, these motions.

. however, in each case are to be efl'ected'by' means of a single handle I, it is necessary to provide a switch gearing for each 'group of adjusting or driving disks. These gearlngs consist in each case of a pair of wheels 1n, n, displaceable longitudinally along the axle 8 of the handle I by means of a groove and feather, of which wheels'the wheel m is capable of engaging directly with the driving wheel 0 of the respective adjusting disk group for the addition or multiplication,

while the wheel 11. by the interposition of an intermediate wheel 79 revolving'upon a fixed axle can be engaged with the driving wheel 0 of the adjusting diskgroup. In consequence of the interposition of the wheel [I the adjusting disk group receives in the latter case by turning the handle] in the same direction a rotary motion opposed to the preceding one and thus either subtraction or division can be carried out. It is to be assumed that the figures of the result calculators decrease in the clockwise direction.

In order to calculate by means of the above described machine and according t the ormulm:

and

After adjustment of the a value in the group i and of the cp value in the group k, then to obtain the products m and qaXw the handle lis turned right about until in the counting mechanisms '9 and there appears the factor a. After the extinction of a: in the mechanism h and the release of the spring f, the result-calculator a in Fig. 1 is displaced to the left, and the result-calculator b after release of the spring f is shifted over to the right, whereupon. the handle I is again turned right about until the factor 3 appears in the mechanism It, wherebythis factorin the result-calculator it appears multiplied with the value 9 and in the result-calculator 6 appears multiplied with the value t!!- The driving disk groups 11, k are hereby adjusted according to the indications or signs of it and q: to addition or subtraction. Under the as 'sumption' that the values a: and y are'positive ones, the turning of the handle to the right according to'the above described procl ess gives the result of the formulae in theresult-calculators a, b. If, however, the-values 2: and 7 are negative ones, then the handle I instead of being turned to the right must be turned around to the left. This'turning of the handle to the left requires certain further improvements in the machine;

As shown in Fi 2,- the nine transmitting teeth of the driving disks or members do not occupy the full periphery of the driving disks, but a portion of the. periphery thereof durin the rotation remains without operative action of the transmittingvteeth. This idle wheel part is of importance :for

the present improvements. At -A- (Fig; 2)

is shown the result-calculator a in engagement; each figure will in this middle pos1- tion of the result-calculator be added to or subtracted from on each complete revolution of the handle. Besides the resultcalculator a there is, however, within the peripheric part without teeth action theresult-calculator I) also in sition of engagement, so that on the a ditionof a figure the same will be transmitted on a complete. revolution of the handle with the initial position thereof in A to both 'the result calculators a,- b; .the complete rotation of the handle effects for b as well as for .a

consequently the transmission of the figure.

If, however, with theshow-n auigular displacement between the result-calculat0rs (1, b, on the position of the result-calculator b to the right of the result-calculator (L the figure is subtracted, then one full rotation of the handle from its initial position in the transmitting means for the tens of the result/calculator b will first be moved back into the position of rest, if the handle for the full rotation be farther moved back from A to A. (Fig. 2), consequently fur,

ther over the extent of the indicated angle 0:. Therefore, while the addition on the po sition of the resultcalculator b to the right of a only involves one revolution of the han die, in the ease of subtraction it is necessary that the handle be rotated a complete revolution plus the angle a.

If the result-calculator 7) would be in Fig. 2 at the angle a to the left of A, then the subtraction in contrast to the position of the result-calculator 71 to the right of a would be e'fl'ected for both result-calcnlators by a revolution of the handle. the addition, however, would require further the turning of the handle by the amountof the angle a and this not from A to A, but in the opposite direction from A by the amount of the 'angle a, to the left.

In other words, if a complete rotation of the handle for two or more result mechanisms is to give the correct addition or subtra Lion, then that mechanism which is last influenced by the rotating teeth of the adjusting mechanism must be operated by a full rotation of the handle. The interchange of the direction of the rotation mechanism by the angle a.

of the handle involves therefore the alteration of the original position of the rotating Fig. 3 shows diagrammatically the above described pro cedure.

This angular displacement of the driving disks by the amount of the angle a can be effected in two ways:

1. Switching means comprise two shiftin levers 1', 1" pivot-ally arranged upon the ax e s, which can each be engaged with a side projection t of a wheel-0 of the switch ing means, so that by rocking of these levers the wheels 0 and consequently the respec tive driving disk groups are displaced by,

the amount of the angled. The levers r, 1" are coupled with the wheel pairs m, n and of the respective switching means and are guided in Z-shaped slots. u in the casing (Fig. 4), whereby they are to be shifted on the transfer from the positive to the negative position from one end of the slots u to the other, consequentlyfiist shifted from the side into a middle position, then rocked in a peripheric direction and finally again pushed to the side, thus alfording the said angular displacement of the driving disks as well as also the switching of the gears.

by means of a s1 otted pa'rt q provided upon them. By pressing upon the shifting levers in the direction of their length, the same can be pushed back outof their middle position assured. b means of two opposing springs in the direction toward the roj'ecr tions it by a smallv amount, untila ork gf provided therecn engages with the above mentioned projections t, whereby this pressure is meintaired upon the shifting levers until the displazement of the driving disks has taken place to the extent of the angle 'a, or the way of the lever 1", orr is traversed in the slot 11 from the plus to the minus position, whereupon the'pres'sure ceases and,

the shifting levers again take their normal middle position in consequence of the spring action. The-fork q ofthe lovers 1' and rhas the urpo'se of preventing'an overturning of t e wheels 0 so long as the levers r and r move in the middletperipheric part of the slotsu; but'when e levers r, move in the ona or oth'tr of the side H of the slots 1: then there is not possible any faulty turning of the wheolso, the wheels m or n meshing alread with the wheels 0 or p. 'Ifthe transmittin teeth come into cooperation with the .ca cul'ating wheels, then conse uqn'ily the new position of the driving dis stdiflerin from the previous one by the amount 0 the angle a cannot be disturbed. i

2. To the side of the casin of the machine are providedtwo note 0 w for the arresting of the actuatin handle I. If the handle I is t'irned away cm the notch v to the right .(that is forward). and the shifting levers hr are adjusted for addition, then both result-calculators a, 6 effect the calculation of addition. If, however,

the levers r, r are adjusted to subtraction, when by the moving of the levers r, a" from the positive to the negative osition and the engagement th areof with t e projections t the respective driving disk groups will be displaced by the amount of the angle a from A to A, and also the switching wheel pairs the handle I from the notch 11 to the.

to A}, while at the same time the spring acted handle part I slidably arranged in a longitudinal slot 1 of the handle Z is compulsorily raised in the slot Z by means of the sloping cam surface 10' and finally engages behind the catch spring-'1: so as to be held fast in this new position. The end of each full revolution of the handle Z is therefore determined on the turning backward rotation by means of the notch 10 and the handle stroke is thus displaced with regard to the previous one by the amount of the angle a: for both result-calculators a, b there takes place simultaneously subtraction. Finally if the-levers 'i', r are adjusted to subtract-ion, then they; again lead the driving disks from A to A; this motion is, however, compensated on the-turning back of the handle I through its turning from the notch U to the notch w. By this means addition takes place in the result-mechanisms If for the forward motion of the handle I there be taken the plus sign and for the backward motion the minus sign, and if the two end positions of the levers r, r have given them the ,sign plus and minus, then the machine gives with the same designations for the direction 'of rotation of the handle I and the position of the levers r, 1', addition and withopposite designations it gives subtraction of the products The equations for Y and X can therefore be solved in the: simplest manner; for a and q the designations-are determined. by the position of the shifting levels r and r, for 3 and a: by the forward or backward motion of the actuating handle. This-advantage of the new machine which removes all need of thinking for-the interchan e-of the designations of all ,the'factors, is ow ever not purchased by a more diflicult operating or any increase in the sources of error.

What I claim is:

1. vin calculating machines, a plurality of -oups of adjustable drivingmembers for the adjustment of calculation figures, a. correspomling number .0fresult-calculators, angularly displaced with regard one to another relatively to said groups and arranged.

to be operated by the said gi'(u'l( psofdriv1ng members having been ad uste a. common actuating device to move said groups of driving members for the transmission. of

driving members having been :1

groups of adjustable driving members for the adjustment of calculation figures, a. corresponding number of result-calculators, angularly displaced with regard one to an other relatively to said grou s alnd arranged to be operated by sin groups of justed, a common actuating device to move said groups of driving-members for the transmission of their adjustment upon the resultcalcul'ators, switching meansbetween said actuating device and said groups of driving members for allowing the latter to be moved in opposite directions, and interconnecting means between said switching means and groups of driving members to produce on switching simultaneous angular displace-- merit of said 'groups corresponding to the angle of displacement of the result-calculators, substantially as'described.

3. In calculating machines; a plurality of groups of adjustable driving" members for the'adjustment of calculation fi res, a corrcspondingnumber of resulbca culators arranged; to be operated by said groups of driving members having been adjusted, a corresponding number of counting mechanisms associated with said result-calculators, a common actuating device to move said groups of driving members for the transmission of their adjustment upon the result-calculators and to also 11love said counting mechanisms,=and means to allow of relative X groups of'drivmg mcmbersiand result-caL .culators for the purpose'of interchanging relative icooperatlonbetweenfithem, substantially as-described "1 a In witness .whereof I have hereunto signed my name. this 23rd day of. January displacement between the said 1917, inth'e presenceiof two subscribing witnesses.

lvitnessesz JACOB. Mess 

